Zeiss camera designer Hubert Nerwin and family shortly after their arrival in the U.S. following WWII. Nerwin was instrumental in the development of the dominant American consumer camera of the 1960s, the Kodak Instamatic. Photo courtesy Zeiss Historical Society.
I'm a day late with this. Last month (March) marked the 50th anniversary of the camera that ruined Kodak—the Instamatic.
Designed around Hubert Nerwin's drop-in, "foolproof" film cassette (a picture of which can be seen here), the Instamatic was both the true descendent of George Eastman's $1 box Brownie of c. 1900 and the transformative consumer camera of its own era. It sold seven and a half million cameras in its first two years and 50 million in the decade of the 1960s. It remains one of the most successful and profitable consumer products in the history of photography; it introduced baby-boomers to picture-taking.
...Me, too (although I'm technically Generation Jones). It was my first camera, and the camera I did my first "project" with: six entire rolls on a 7th-grade trip to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Penn., the site of the turning point of the American Civil War.
Somewhere around here, I still have an Instamatic.
The reason I say it ruined Kodak is that it convinced Kodak that it could dictate the market rather than follow it. And Kodak tried again and again over the years to dominate the consumer market by deciding a priori what people would buy and then attempting to overwhelm them with it via marketing and sheer scale.
(I think this reflects human nature. In high school, I sat on a hillside watching a soccer game, and saw a classmate named Doug make a remarkable goal. He made a high, arcing kick from almost the corner of the field, and, improbably, it cleared the leaping goalie's hands and entered the goal, even though the angle was exceedingly narrow, as he was not far from being lined up with the goalposts at the spot of the kick. As I watched the rest of the game, I noticed that Doug tried to recreate his success by repeating the same kick twice more during the game. Both kicks were surprisingly good; but the first attempt had been both good and lucky, and the subsequent attempts failed.)
Kodak made numerous attempts to recreate the Instamatic success in some form or other. The Disc camera was the most obvious one; the Instamatic cast its formidable shadow all over that doomed project. The last two major attempts were Photo CD and APS. With Photo CD, everyone was supposed to turn their film into the processors, pay $50(!), and receive the roll of pictures as digital scans on a compact disk in return. You were then supposed to look at your pictures on your TV set, using a player that Kodak was going to sell to you. Kodak decreed at the outset of this program that it was going to sell 250,000 consumer Photo CD players every year. Over the product's pathetic lifespan, the company allegedly sold about 25,000 of them—total. And even that was a bit of a feat (I think I referred to Photo CD at the time of its introduction as "three times the expense of prints with all the viewing convenience of a living room slide show"). Photo CD did turn out to be an important method for getting film images on to computers for a number of years, a usage Kodak initially wasn't especially concerned with or interested in.
The next "Instamatic-style success" was intended to be APS, the Advanced Photo System, a thoroughly engineered and exhaustively marketed from-the-ground-up system that gave consumers about what they were already getting, but with more profit and convenience for Kodak and the other film and camera manufacturers built in. The huge investment in APS, which fizzled before it faded, was one of the reasons Kodak was so cash-strapped and ill-prepared to respond when digital began its march to the sea.
Tragic
But I was speaking of the Instamatic. It was actually an atrocious little camera, the Lomo of its day only without the quirky contriarian charm. The lens was horrible and the easy-to-load negative wasn't big enough. But it was meant to be cheap to buy and easy to use, and it was both those things in spades (the "Flashcube," like the film cartridge, was a stroke of genius in that respect—four small flashbulbs in an automatically rotating clear plastic box). The pictures, unfortunately, were an accurate reflection of what you saw through the minuscule, smeary viewfinder. (And by the way, poor, low-contrast lenses like the Instamatic's were the reason why consumer color negative films were typically oversaturated and too contrasty.)
I did a project with the old Instamatic in photography school, making B&W prints from the color negatives. (I think the instructor who assigned it was trying to break me of perfectionism.)
It's a bit tragic, actually. Some of the snapshots I inherited from my family from 20 or 30 years prior to the era of the Instamatic were taken with a Zeiss folder that we found in my grandfather's house when he died but which I have since lost track of. It might have been a 6x9 Super Ikonta. The store-processed black-and-white snapshots from it are contact prints. Their quality and longevity is striking compared to Instamatic prints. Of course, the ease-of-use of 1930s folders was diametrically opposed to that of the Instamatic as well, which is why the latter came into being.
The lead designer for the Instamatic program was the protean Dean Peterson. And Hubert Nerwin, whose name is on the patent for the 126 cartridge, was a fascinating character too. (It's rather elitist and exclusionary that the "history of photography" leaves aside the technical history and its major figures—they ought to be at least as famous as people like lesser-known but important photographers, major curators, and so forth.) One of the 20th century's great camera designers, Nerwin worked for Zeiss before WWII and was involved in the design of many famous Zeiss Ikons, including the Contina and the exquisite Contessa 35. He came to America—literally on the same ship with rocket scientist Werner von Braun!—under Harry Truman's "Operation Paperclip," the OSS program designed to bring prominent German scientists and engineers to America (and keep them out of the clutches of the Russians). Moving his family to Rochester, Nerwin initially worked for Graflex, owned by Kodak, and then for Kodak itself. He retired in 1971.
I have lots of snapshots in my collection, and many of them have great charm. But few of the charming ones were taken with Instamatics. Many of my childhood memories were taken with an Instamatic, and I still have all those pictures, fading now. In the case of the ones I prize, I dearly wish they had been taken with a better camera.
...But then, without the Instamatic, they might never have been taken at all.
Mike
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Featured Comments from:
Stan B.: "The Instamatic was the Mustang of photography in the mid 'sixties—cute, small, fast, cheap. They were ubiquitous in the '64–'65 NYC World's Fair, another sign of 'the future' compared to their considerably clumsier counterparts."
John Hufnagel: "I still curse the Kodak Instamatic.
"I have restored, documented, digitized, and archived the many hundreds of photographs of my and my wife's families from the 1880s to the present. What was a treasure lode of memories and family histories collapsed, seemingly inspired by the song 'New York Mining Disaster 1941,' with the introduction of the hated Instamatic.
"Within just a few years Kodak had convinced most of our family that photography was not a skill worth learning, and lousy, blurry, washed-out pictures were actually good.
"Even my oldest brother, a U.S. Army intelligence agent in Europe during the Viet Nam era, reported that most of the agents preferred cheap plastic Polaroid cameras (purchased out of petty cash) as G2's government-issued Leicas were 'too hard to use.'
"The result is a real dearth of documentary photographs from the early to mid 1960s until the advent of decent P&S cameras beginning around 1980. If it wasn't for the very few (three out of dozens) who owned Mamiya, Canon, and Pentax SLRs, our family would have very little from that period. On the other hand, it made the collecting and archiving effort a lot smaller than it otherwise might have been...."
Steve Mason: "I started my photo career as a camera salesman. Every person I have ever had this conversation agrees, Kodak was its own worst enemy. I often had customers ask for an American-made 35mm camera; of course there were none since Kodak quit. As sales people we often got the skinny on new products and we were told of a new product coming soon. The rumors were of a sprocketless 35mm camera to take full advantage of the film size, we got the Disc camera. Kodak promised better B&W paper, we got plastic RC paper with very little silver. The list goes on and on, even when Fuji came into the picture and started offering better choices, Kodak knew best. As a car guy you can see the same story with GM, Ford and Chrysler during the '60s and '70s. We make it, you buy it."
Mike replies: Steve, that was my impression of Kodak for years: Wrong move, bad move, dumb move, repeat.
But wasn't APS more of a collaborative effort with Fuji and others?
I liked APS, and if it hadn't been for that darn digital, it might have worked out.
Posted by: KeithB | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 01:20 PM
Yep; the lowly Instamatic got me started too. I also took a goodly number of shots of family, friends, and childhood haunts. And found the resulting prints terribly disappointing, particularly compared to the beautifully sharp, tonally smooth black & white prints my grandfather got with his "German camera" (I'm guessing something like the Super Ikonta).
In fact, my Instamatic prints were so bad (and the rapid fading so spectacular), I dropped photography completely until my own kids came along. By that time, 35 mm autofocus SLR's were brand new and perfect for my needs (well, okay...desires). By sheer good fortune I was instantly smitten by those gorgeous, gem-like 35 mm transparencies, and took nothing but slides after the first few rolls of print film. Fortunate because prints from those first rolls have faded horribly, while the first roll of K-25 slides look as good as ever, more than 25 years later.
Posted by: Geoff Wittig | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 01:29 PM
Interersting. Steve Jobs I think thought like Kodak, trying to think ahead of what people want/need before they know they want/need it. "Whatever works is a good idea!"- that's my mantra.
Posted by: Kenneth Wajda | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 01:33 PM
Thank you - what a time it was with the Instamatic.
Within the first paragraph of reading that Nerwin came to the U.S. from Germany after WWII, Project Paperclip sprang to mind. You beat me to the punch.
Perhaps entirely off topic, and frightening to think of, it has been said that our OSS/CIA is patterned in some way after the Nazi template.
Posted by: Nic | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 01:34 PM
April Fool's articles are supposed to be woven of whole cloth - not stitched together from fragments of genuine history - it makes it too hard on us while trying to decide how much of a fool we are. I refuse to fall for the ruse. Imagine, the designer of Zeiss Ikon cameras creating the Instamatic. Preposterous! Next thing you'll tell us is that he invented the IBM card and the photocopier!
Posted by: Andrew Kowalczyk | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 01:49 PM
The Instamatic was my first camera as well. I took an entire roll/cartridge of photos of the back of the front seat in a '67 Ford Torino GT, at the ripe old age of three, so says my mom.
Posted by: Richard | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 02:22 PM
Not all of the Instamatics were "atrocious" cameras--the Instamatic 500 was a metal-bodied camera with a collapsible Schneider lens (f2.8 Xenar), hot-shoe and pc socket for flash instead of the flashcube. All in all, pretty nice--but only produced for about three years; arguably mismatched to the market. My guess is that it was too expensive for the "instamatic" market, and the more serious photographers would opt for a 35mm rangefinder or SLR.
Posted by: Greg | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 02:26 PM
http://www.zeisshistorica.org/Nerwin.html
His friend and Zeiss coworker, Hans Padelt, also came over and gave us the professional equivalent of the Instamatic... the horrid Graflex XL... the camera that killed that particular gem of a company.
It's almost as if they wanted to sabotage the American camera industry by making lousy plastic cameras!
BTW not all Instamatics were bad. The great mountaineer and nature photographer Galen Rowell made his first "professional" photos with an Instamatic 500 equipped with a not-too-shabby Schneider Xenar 38/2.8 lens. Given the circumstances.. roped in on a vertical Yosemite cliff, an easy loading auto-everything camera was just the ticket for the rock climber.
Posted by: Frank P | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 02:29 PM
I remember the Instamatics very well. I took my very-first picture with one of them when I was around five years old. And I can remember that when my parents needed to buy some film they would go to a store that had a giant model of an Instamatic above the display case, complete with a automatically-rotating flash cube that would fire and rotate once every several seconds.
But, as bad as 126 film was, it was superb compared to 110 film. When I was 15 I took a 110 Instamatic and a 1950's-model Olympus 35mm rangefinder camera with me on a youth-exchange trip. The vastly-better quality of the shots I got from the 35mm film negatives was a major revelation to me. I spent most of the next year saving up for the first camera I bought, an Olympus OM-1. I shot many rolls of Kodachrome, Ektachrome, Kodacolor, Plus-X, Tri-X with that camera. I have loved the various film and developing chemicals Kodak created over the years. It is unfortunate that such great success eventually contributed to such colossal failure.
Posted by: Craig Yuill | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 02:36 PM
I'm old enough that I missed the whole Instamatic 'thing'; I was already shooting 35mm.
The thing I would suggest about all those old, faded prints is to search out the negs. Although, as you say, the prints were over cooked, that was more the processing than the film itself.
If you have a frame where the subject is more or less in focus, a scan from the neg may be revelatory as to color and highlight and shadow details that were never apparent on the prints.
With good NR software, the grain recedes to more tolerable levels, as well. Deconvolution 'sharpening' is of use, too. Maybe someone can convince DxO to do a custom deconvolution profile for the standard, plastic Instamatic lens?
In any case, my limited experience with other's 126 negs is that there is often much more hiding there than one might imagine.
Then, there are caches like the endless snaps my first sister-in-law took when she spent a youthful year+ in Europe and No. Africa. Every one seemed to suffer from lots of motion blur. On top of paying no attention to subject motion, I think she jerked the camera in the process of pushing the shutter release. No hope for those.
The truth is, not all old snaps with folders are that great. Many shots of my earliest years were taken with a Kodak 6x9 folder, using cut film and packs. As you say, many of the contact prints look pretty good. And my Mom kept all the negs, right under the prints, in the family album, on acid free paper.
But, when looked at more closely, the combination of modest lens quality and speed, poor film flatness, esp. in the film packs, zone focusing and the relatively slow shutter speeds dictated by slow film and lenses all added up to very few negs that look much good larger than a contact print. Still, better than Instamatics. \;~)>
Moose
Posted by: Moose | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 02:45 PM
My parents used a Twin Lens Reflex camera in the late '50s and early '60s before switching to Instamatics and Polaroids. What a shame! Those early images on "larger" format negatives scan exceptionally well while the others -- not so much.
An entire generation of photographers was convinced that convenience trumped quality. Wait! They're still doing that!
David
Posted by: DavidB | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 03:09 PM
..But then, without the Instamatic, they might never have been taken at all.
That last sentence says it all.
I was offered an Instamatic on my 12th birthday and later, at age 14, deceived by its results, would "steal" my elder brother's fantastic Yashica Minister D (35mm frame with 45mm/2,8 lens, Leica style). So that crappy Instamatic might have started my love for photography ?
Andrew
Posted by: Andrew John | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 03:13 PM
It seems to me that Kodak was really like Gillette. Give away the razor and sell them loads of high profit razor blades. The problem was that they did not seem to understand it themselves and thus they created the most magnificent large office copier I have ever seen. But you do not sell many of those. There was no digital equivalent of something you have to buy and have processed every couple of dozen shots. Their efforts with sensors were doomed because most camera manufacturers keep it all home in Japan. They lost Olympus to Panasonic and you cannot exist on the the number of sensors bought by Leica and the medium format guys. Too bad they did not buy some company like Contax and create a powerhouse that could have introduced some competitive cameras with a Kodak inside sticker into the marketplace. But I think they would have had to do something in addition to stay in business.
Posted by: Winsor | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 03:33 PM
The first camera I ever used was my mother's Instamatic. Looking at what came afterwards, Kodak certainly seemed to learn the wrong lesson from it. From what I gather, while the Instamatic did represent a step down in image quality from the cameras that came before it (smaller negative, cheap build), it was still "good enough" for the size of prints most people had made and provided enough benefits (small size, ease of use, foolproof film handling) that the overall tradeoff was worth it for many people. If my family's albums are anything to go by, ordinary folk took far more pictures once they had an Instamatic than they had with whatever camera they'd owned previously.
Looking at the 110 and disc cameras that followed, Kodak seemed to forget that "good enough" quality was part of the recipe. They also seemed to forget that some sort of benefit to the user was needed to justify a change in format. Larger print sizes were becoming the norm, and Kodak kept reducing the size of the negative so resolution on the print was terrible. Also, as far as I could tell, the 110 and disc cameras provided no real added convenience over the Instamatic (other than a built-in permanent flash).
In hindsight, a better successor the Instamatic would have been a 35mm camera as foolproof as the Instamatic which could have given Kodak the 35mm point-and-shoot market before the Japanese companies got traction there. But apparently Kodak had gotten addicted to the revenue from selling the film processing equipment for new formats every decade or thereabouts. That put their interests rather at odds to those of their customer base (both consumers and photo lab operators), opening the door for other companies.
Like General Motors, Kodak's a great example of how a period of complete market dominance can lead to arrogance and an inability to compete once others finally do gain a foothold.
Posted by: Andre | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 03:37 PM
My first was a folding Kodak 620, taking 6X7 sized pictures..non-focusing lens, but still plenty sharp compared to later series plastic cameras with smaller film...amazingly, my Mom was sort of a photo-nut, liked twin-lens style camera in the 40's and 50's; she was even the first person I knew to use "filters", having a half-yellow sky filter to slightly darken skies! She eventually bought what I seemed to think was a "higher end" Instamatic: metal body, wind up spring loaded film advance, glass lens. When it nailed the exposure, it was plenty sharp, although people will tell you the 126 cartridge was inherently unsharp, I've looked through her old negs and they're better than a cheap, plastic camera that took 35mm. As I seem to recall, the Instamatic film frame was about as big as the long end of the 35mm frame, square. Plenty big with a decent lens...even tho I had a decent 35mm eventually, I always lusted after one the the German made SLR Instamatics, pretty sure they were cheap towards the end...
Posted by: Tom Kwas | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 03:50 PM
I still have my Instamatic rattling around in a cabinet somewhere. I used to take it on hikes all the time. Kodak made K64 available in 126 for a while, so I still have some decent slides of the North Cascades and the Glacier Peak Wilderness in my files. It was my second camera, replacing my Brownie Starflash, which mostly shot Verichrome black'n'white.
It was the Pocket Instamatic (110) that drew a lot of fire in the late 1970's, in the form of private antitrust actions and the like. A lot of labs and manufacturers didn't like having another film format crammed down their collective throat by Kodak, which had a monopoly share of the film market at the time.
Posted by: Chuck Albertson | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 03:51 PM
Yeah, but I think Hubert Nerwin's operation paperclip camera was his masterpiece.
the 70mm combat graphic is the best camera ever in my opinion.
Maybe not that different from the Kodak Instamatic 814 rangefinder camera with its radioactive thorium oxide Ektar 38mm lens and a spring motor drive.
Alas, it's about as hard to get 70mm film as film for a disc camera.
Posted by: hugh crawford | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 04:19 PM
I don't know. PhotoCD and Kodak Disk were disasters, but APS, not quite as bad.
What really did Kodak in, IMHO was that they were too successful with the disposable cameras. Much like GM with minivans, they were too slow to wean themselves off of a cash cow (for GM, the station wagon, for Kodak, the disposable) in order to embrace the new.
Sadly, I can't see it playing out any other way. For Kodak to make headway into consumer digital cameras, they would have had to sacrifice big chunks of the more profitable disposable market, and that move might have been too painful to make at the time.
Posted by: MarkR | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 04:25 PM
With the Instamatic and those cube flashes you really looked like a pro!
Inherited mine from my mother, and like her I didn't pay much attention to the small focus mechanism on the lens, hence my childhood is a blur...
Posted by: Svein-Frode | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 04:37 PM
My first camera was an Instamatic I got when I was 8. It was very cheap and not very good. I later was given one by my Aunt with a much better lens. I don't think I actually used either one much, but they did start my interest in photography. I didn't really start photographing until I found an abandoned 35mm camera at my grandparents house.
However, there was at least one good Instamatic. My mother had one (and mostly used Kodachrome so they have have held up fairly well). It had a mechanical motor drive that you wound with a tab on the bottom of the camera and a good lens with rangefinder focusing.
Posted by: John Sparks | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 04:50 PM
"I think the instructor... was trying to break me of perfectionism."
Your resulting image had the opposite of his intended effect.
Posted by: Rob Atkins | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 04:50 PM
I taught photography in High Schools.Kodak had a very neat design to make a pinhole camera that used an Instamatic cartridge to hold the film. This enabled students to make their own pinhole camera that also took a whole roll of film so we could play around with lots of things while learning the basics.Most basic pinhole cameras of course could only take one shot before going to a dark room. I never liked the Instamatic cameras but loved those cartridges.
Posted by: Mike Fewster | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 05:40 PM
>(It's rather elitist and exclusionary that the "history of photography" leaves aside the technical history and its major figures—they ought to be at least as famous as people like lesser-known but important photographers, major curators, and so forth.)
What you said. Especially as the majority of persons involved in "the photography hobby" are clearly much more transfixed by cameras than by photographs. Maybe the Hubert Nerwins of history go largely without note is because the link between the two things (cameras and photographs) is so throughly misunderstood by so many.
I have my mom's green and cream "Hawkeye Instamatic" now. It was just about her favorite thing back when I was in grade school.
Posted by: Paul De Zan | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 07:10 PM
Too bad. By the time the 110 camera craze hit even the cheapest Kodak Pocket model 20 had a respectable 25mm, 3 element f9.5 lens. The 13X18mm negs would make a decent 3.5X5 inch album sized prints. That covered 99.9% of what the average family snap shooter required. And directly preceding the introduction of the 126 "Kodapak" the average consumer was probably using a 127 roll film "Starmite" or some such that, except for a slightly bigger 42X42mm negative (vs. 28X28mm) was not any better than the Instamatic in real life. And 6X9 you say? How many were the better models with 3 and 4 element f4.5 lens and multi speed shutters? Precious few. Most were cardboard boxes with one speed ever-set shutters and a f11, or slower, single element meniscus lens. So I think the slide to lowest quality began well before the introduction of the 126 cartridge.
Posted by: John Robison | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 07:20 PM
I was one of those with an Instamatic at the '94 World's Fair. My friend struggled with a manual rangefinder and light meter while I was actually able to take some not very good pictures.
Posted by: Marilyn Nance | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 07:52 PM
I didn't appreciate the difference at the time, but my dad was a mild photography buff, and it showed in our family pictures. He wasn't quite a hobbyist, just someone who took pride in his snapshots. So my sixties childhood was preserved on Kodachrome 64 with a Minolta viewfinder, so popular then with people who looked down on Instamatics, like my dad. When he got back the slides he went over them carefully, culling the duds, labeling the rest and putting them in a metal slide tray for our projector (pre-Carousel). Mom's old early fifties Kodak was still put away in a closet. We were slightly awed by it's apparent antiquity and lovely case, while we took the superior Minolta for granted.
Posted by: Mark Alan Miller | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 08:53 PM
"...But then, without the Instamatic, they might never have been taken at all."
I think this really sums it up. Your article brings to mind that my mother always thought she was a bad photographer - in this case she should have blamed her tools. However the Instamatic suited her in so many other ways - it was cheap, easy to use, and easy to carry. If she hadn't had one, no photos would have been taken.
I also had one, but was so entranced by being able to take photos, that I never realised the quality was so bad. Luckily for me, my father later bought a nice Minolta slr and let me use it - so any subsequent photography faults were all mine!
(The Minolta would never have been a camera for my mother - too big, and too many knobs and buttons. She would never have used it, even though the quality in the output was so much better.)
Posted by: Rob Graves | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 09:25 PM
I had an Instamatic 300, with a selenium cell, the first automatic aperture model. My father installed carpeting at the 1964 World's Fair and I came along as a teen helper photographing before the fairgrounds were open to the public.
I have no memories of the cameras output, but I sold it to my uncle and used the proceeds to help me step up to my first 35mm, a Yashica Lynx 1000.
Again the images were forgotten until I bought my first Nikon F in September 1966.
The Nikon made negatives that I still have indexed and prints that I would not be ashamed to exhibit today.
Posted by: Richard Alan Fox | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 09:30 PM
"But then, without the Instamatic, they might never have been taken at all."
Somewhere along the lines of "The best camera is the one you have with you."
Posted by: toto | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 09:34 PM
I had a Sears version of the instamatic. Its most amazing feat was when I held it up to one binocular eyepiece, framed with the other and shot a not-awful shot of crevasses on Mt. Rainier. About two years later I'd done enough yard and home chores to buy my Praktica SuperTL ($99!) - and I was on my way to becoming whatever it is that I am today.
Posted by: Jim R | Monday, 01 April 2013 at 09:41 PM
Now I know who to blame.
I received an Instamatic, a cartridge of Kodachrome and a slide viewer for my 12th birthday. This system had no redeeming feature, and after taking half a dozen cartridges to please my parents I didn't want to do any more photography until I could afford to buy a proper camera for myself, which took more than a decade. I wanted to make black and white prints, not enter a lucky dip for exposure accuracy, colour and whether the film would tear.
The best portrait of me as a child, c. 1967, was taken by my grandmother on rollfilm B&W. Eventually, she couldn't get it processed near her any more, and bought an Instamatic because she liked the square frame. Although totally nontechnical, she could see it wasn't as good, and said so, but "at least it's in colour so people won't complain". The pictures aren't all that colourful any more...
Posted by: Francis E. | Tuesday, 02 April 2013 at 03:00 AM
Ah - my first camera - still got it somewhere. Last used for experimental high school photography circa 1978 - so I assume film was still available. Dang. Going to have to search the storeroom.
Posted by: Bear. | Tuesday, 02 April 2013 at 04:55 AM